P1450 - Inability of Evaporative Emission Control System to Bleed Fuel Tank. ... Ford Forum is a community to discuss all things Ford. Check out our discussions on the Ford Escape, Mustang, Edge, F-150, Raptor, Explorer, Focus, Fusion, Fiesta and more! ... Edge, F-150, Raptor, Explorer, Focus, Fusion, Fiesta and more! Show Less . …If you have a code reader, see if it is P1450, a lot of discussion on that in various threads. Bottom line, even with code P1450, a tech needs to do the smoke test because it could be one of a number of components in the fuel evaporative system. On the 2016, warranty coverage is — 8 years or 80,000 miles (whichever occurs first) for catalyticHi dgross, I have some experience with diagnosing evaporative emissions issues on Ford vehicles. Usually a P1450 indicates the fuel tank pressure is reading that it is always under slight vacuum. This can happen for one of two reasons (usually). First and most common I find is the purge valve is leaking a little bit of vacuum to the fuel system ...Ford Mechanic: A. Penland. P1450, Unable to bleed up fuel tank vacuum. We have been seeing a lot of issues with the (VMV) Vapor Management Valve, also called the Evaporative Canister Purge Valve, causing this trouble code because of the ethanol in todays fuel is causing the valve to stick open and keep constant vacuum on the fuel tank. The VMV ...Just had to do this yesterday, solved my issue, but I was getting p1450 code, but had the exact same issue with not starting after fill up. also, check out the other threads relating to p1450 on here. I ended up buying the purge valve assembly for a 2015 fusion and just swapping out the purge valve and reused my existing hoses.About a year ago my 2015 ford fusion titanium threw a p1450 code. I have been fighting it ever since. I replaced the purge valve and solenoid, new plugs, both the high and low fuel pressure sen… I am at a complete lose!!! About a year ago my 2015 ford fusion titanium threw a p1450 code. ... We had a similar experience with our 2012 Ford ...Service Procedure. Visually inspect and push and pull on each of the following EVAP connections to verify a proper connection: Vapor line connections to the vacuum port side and pressure port side of the ejector. Refer to Figure 1 for 3.5L and Figure 2 for 2.7L. Vapor line connection at the port on air intake system (AIS) duct at throttle body ...Mar 16, 2021 · Diagnose and fix the p1450 code on your Ford Fusion2013 Ford Escape SEL 2.0L EcoboostIn this Pre-diagnosis I'm showing what steps I took to verify a problem in the low side fuel pressure sensor.Symptoms:Vehic...What is the Cost to Diagnose the Code P1450 2011 Ford Fusion? Labor: 1.0. The cost to diagnose the P1450 2011 Ford Fusion code is 1.0 hour of labor. The diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. Most auto repair shops charge between $75 and $150 ...In this really quick video i show you how to fix the infamous farting car syndrome on this 2017 ford fusion. This noise is actually caused by the car actuall...I'm having codes P1450 and P0451 in my ford fusion 2012, I Hi, I'm having codes P1450 and P0451 in my ford fusion 2012, I wonder if my car needs repairs, and what do they mean. The car is running fine for months with these codes on.P1450 Mazda Evaporative Emission Canister Purge System Leak. P1450 Mercury Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum 📷. P1450 MINI Diagnostic Module Tank Leakage Switching Solenoid Open Circuit. P1450 Saab A/C Relay Low Output. P1450 Suzuki Barometric Pressure Sensor Circuit.Problem-01: Clogging or Blockage. Symptoms. Difficulty inserting the fuel nozzle. fuel backing up or overflowing when attempting to fuel up. slow fuel filling. Causes: Debris, dirt, or foreign objects blocking the fuel filler neck. Solution: Clean the fuel filler neck and surrounding area to remove any debris or dirt. If the clog persists.P1450 is a code related to the EVAP system of the Ford Fusion. It can be caused by a faulty sensor, a blocked or leaky component, or a failed valve. Learn the …Re: 2010 Ford Fusion P1450 - P0451 Post by Bearmeister » Fri Apr 21, 2017 4:34 pm Dealer tells me the line between fuel tank and canister solenoid with the tank pressure sensor inside the line is defective?Ford code p144aP1450 ford explorer vacuum fuel unable bleed P1450 ford fusion 20092009 ford fusion p0001 fuel volume regulator control circuit/open. I have a 2009 ford fusion. I have 2 transmission fault codes. P0778. Check Details. 2007-2010 ford fusion p0351, p0352, p0353, p0355, p0356. the misfire.Good luck! P2196 is a generic diagnostic trouble code that indicates that your Ford Fusion's first oxygen sensor on bank one is stuck rich. It does not necessarily mean that the vehicle itself is running too rich. This code is the opposite of code P2195, which indicates the oxygen sensor is stuck lean. P2196 Definition: Oxygen Sensor.I have a 2015 Ford Fusion titanium 4.0 with 84k miles on it that has the check engine light on with these 2 codes P1450 - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. ... I have a P144a & p1450 code on my 12 Ford Fusion and I am not handy.Is spence to fix p1450 power trainer 2013 Ford Fusion. asked Jul 6, 2017 by Elizabeth Torres. p1450; code; 0 votes. 1 answer 2.9k views. Code P1450 Ford Explorer 2014 limited. asked Jan 29, 2018 by anonymous. p1450; ford; 0 votes. 1 answer 5.2k views. what is the best option fixing the p1450 code for the 2010 ford fusion? asked Aug 14, 2017 by ...P1450 and p0456 ford evap leak and vapor solenoid issue. ford f150, transit, escape, fusion Inaccurate fuel gauge and/or distance to empty with diagnostic trouble codes (dtcs) p0420 p1450Ford p0456 valve purge p0455 canister assembly genuine vapor leak repair amazon P0456, p0455, p0457 fordFord fusion p0456 evap leak fix.Nov 2, 2018 · 2016 ford fusion se ecoboost showing code p1450 control fault evap system the auto supply recomended dorman911-775 purge.valve but I can not find where it goes what do you think trouble night be or part needed and location.1.5 motorAddressing a P1450 code on a 2013 Ford Fusion w/ 2.0L EcoboostPurge Valve Hose Assembly (including purge valve) part #: DG9Z-9D289-DBe careful when looking f...P1450 p0030 p0087 p1101 p0036 mean dtc2012 ford fusion p1450 trouble code unable to bleed up fuel tank vacuum I have a 2009 ford fusion. i have 2 transmission fault codes. p0778The case of the ford fusion check engine light code p0128. Check Details2016 ford fusion se ecoboost showing code p1450 control fault evap system the auto supply recomended dorman911-775 purge.valve but I can not find where it goes what do you think trouble night be or pa … read moreLearn what causes and how to fix the P1450 Ford code, which indicates excessive fuel tank vacuum with the engine running. Find factory service bulletins, user submitted videos, and repair information for specific Ford models.I used this part BWD CP894. Shop around for best price.2017 Ford Fusion, Error Code: P1450, EVAP Purge Control Valve FixP1450 Code Definition. P1450 code stands for “Unable to bleed up fuel tank vacuum (Ford, Mercury).”. Ford P1450: Unable to Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum (Ford) Kia P1450: Evaporative Emission Canister Purge System Vacuum Leak Detected (Kia) Mercedes, Jaguar, Oldsmobile, Lincoln, Mercury P1450: Inability of Evaporative Emission Control …Ford TSB 16-0075. Some 2013 Escape, 2013-2014 Fusion and MKZ vehicles built on or before 11/9/2013 may exhibit a hard start, no start and/or a loss of engine RPM after refueling. Some vehicles may also exhibit an illuminated malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) with diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P1450 and/or P0456 stored in …hey guys in this video we show you how we fixed the problem of our Ford Fusion not wanting to start after we pump gas. it was stuck in cranking mode. after f...I'm having codes P1450 and P0451 in my ford fusion 2012, I Hi, I'm having codes P1450 and P0451 in my ford fusion 2012, I wonder if my car needs repairs, and what do they mean. The car is running fine for months with these codes on.2017 FORD FUSION TITANIUM 2.0 gas Every time i fill up my gas tank, when i start the car it sputters and the rpms go - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic ... Hello Steve! I have a question about my 2014 Ford Fusion S with the code P1450 via diagnostic test at Autozone with my Check Engine light on.what part do i buy for this code p1450 ford fusion 2010 4 cyl. Vehicle: Ford 2010 fusion 4 cyl p1450; fusion; 1 Answer. 0 votes . answered Sep 12, 2018 by Carguy1 (13.3k points) There is no specific part that causes this code. Here is a list of possible issues, these will need to be tested to determine the cause of the problem and ruled out.I have a 2015 Ford Fusion titanium 4.0 with 84k miles on it that has the check engine light on with these 2 codes P1450 And P144A it is stalling at stop signs and red lights. read more JOHN aka EautoHard start & engine light p14502013 ford fusion code p1450 P1450 and p0456 ford evap leak and vapor solenoid issue. ford f1502013 ford fusion code p1450. Govdeals: 2010 ford fusion seFord fusion 3.0 v6 specs, 0-60, quarter mile, lap times P1450 ford fusion 2010Ford fusion p1450: symptoms, causes, & likely fix.This problem can be a pesky one, especially P1450 Ford Mustang and P1450 Ford Focus Recall. Stay tuned to find out how to approach this particular diagnostic trouble code. ... Taking the example of Ford, in most cases, the P1450 Ford or P1450 Ford Fusion can be fixed by removing the blockage in the connecting hoses or cleaning the system. …Ford b462 bedaDtc p1450 2013 ford fusion w/ 2.0l ecoboost Ford fix code fusion engine check stalling easyEngine code check fix p0128 fusion ford case light. Bf99 4b48 82c2 c017P1450 ford code solved, easy fix P1450 f150 p0456 evap p0442 leak valve purge canisterHow to fix a p144c check engine code.Code p1450. Was reset previously. P1450. 2016 ford focus. Not sure and nothing. Code P0507 and P144A - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic.The code P1450 in a 2013 Ford Fusion can be triggered by various factors. Some common causes include: Faulty Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor: A malfunctioning sensor can provide …Ford Fusion Purge Valve: The purge valve, also known as the canister purge solenoid, is an essential part of your Ford Fusion's evaporative. ... See Also: P1450 Ford Explorer: Fixing The P1450 Code. Refer to your Ford Fusion’s service manual for specific instructions on how to safely and effectively remove the purge valve without …Tonight my 2015 ford fusion titanium 2.0 turbo, shut off while driving tonight. Everything shut off. Headlights, all power. Everything went black. Pulled over. It restarted with no problems. Side note I have been fighting the P1450 code. It goes into the garage next Thursday the 15th to get that fixed. Thanks all.Addressing a P1450 code on a 2013 Ford Fusion w/ 2.0L EcoboostPurge Valve Hose Assembly (including purge valve) part #: DG9Z-9D289-DBe careful when looking f...Learn what causes and how to fix the P1450 Ford code, which indicates excessive fuel tank vacuum with the engine running. Find factory service bulletins, …41ef 05aeCodes p1450, and p144a and p0456, trouble starting. 2012 focus. done I have a 2012 ford focus sel hatchback. i am getting a p144a codeFord code p144a. Ford 7d00 478d a308 purge evap valveFord code source p1450 Ford p1450 p0456 focus trouble codes 586f 4cc1Ford purge focus sensor p2227 code 80f5 49f3 evaporative emission system control ...The P1450 code indicates that there’s too much vacuum in the EVAP system or fuel tank. This situation means the PCM cannot bleed the vacuum to maintain proper pressure. If the high vacuum remains for longer than sixty seconds, the PCM detects a fault. The Check Engine Light comes on, and the P1450 code gets set in the system.CODE P2196 P2197 O2 SENSOR SIGNAL BIASED STUCK RICH FORD -MAX FORD FUSION LINCOLN MKZIf you have Ford C-MAX, Ford Fusion, Lincoln MKZ and have check engine l...My check engine light with diagnostic code P04DB is on. I have turned it off with my OBDM scanner several times. I inspected the crankcase ventilation tubes, and they are all connected and appear in great condition. I removed the sensor and sprayed brake cleaner hoping this would fix the issue. It always comes right back on with just 10 mins of ...I have a 2015 2.0L Edge (~95k miles) that was experiencing a small evap leak (P0456) and unable to bleed up fuel tank vacuum (P1450). It was also struggling to crank after getting gas, so I narrowed it down to the purge valve needed to be replaced. Based on this thread, I decided to purchase only the valve from Amazon.Mar 24, 2024. #1. I have a ford fiesta se, 4 door sedan with 52k. I here recently have had MANY issues with this car. First a wheel bearing, then the a/c went out. Just replaced the starter now I keep getting the code p1450. I have replaced the purge valve and I continue to receive this code. I've cleared the codes, and it continue to say the ...2018 ford escape 1.5l ecoboost p1450 evap purge valve diagnostics and 2013 ford escape evap canister purge valve location Code fusion ford fix engine check dtc ecoboost p1450 0l Q&A: 2000 Ford Expedition Purge Valve Location & P0302, P1450, P0442Nov 21, 2015 · Ford Mechanic: A. Penland. P1450, Unable to bleed up fuel tank vacuum. We have been seeing a lot of issues with the (VMV) Vapor Management Valve, also called the Evaporative Canister Purge Valve, causing this trouble code because of the ethanol in todays fuel is causing the valve to stick open and keep constant vacuum on the fuel tank. The VMV ...The most common reasons a 2013 Ford Fusion cruise control isn't working are failed control module, sensor or switch issues, or throttle actuation problems. 0 %. 10 % of the time it's the. Control Module. 0 %.Code P1450 in a Ford Fusion refers to the Evaporative Emission System Vapor Pressure Sensor Circuit malfunction. Learn the common symptoms, possible …Trouble code P1450. ... a problem has brought me here. last week the check engine light came on as I was on my way to work in my 2015 Fusion SE 1.5L eco boost. I stopped to get gas on my way home that evening and had trouble getting the car to start after I filled up. ... 1971 Ford LTD 2 door convertible 429 4V. C-6 - 1970 Continental Mark III ...Addressing a P1450 code on a 2013 Ford Fusion w/ 2.0L EcoboostPurge Valve Hose Assembly (including purge valve) part #: DG9Z-9D289-DBe careful when looking f...Ford Fusion Purge Valve: The purge valve, also known as the canister purge solenoid, is an essential part of your Ford Fusion's evaporative. ... See Also: P1450 Ford Explorer: Fixing The P1450 Code. Refer to your Ford Fusion's service manual for specific instructions on how to safely and effectively remove the purge valve without causing any ...OBD II fault code P1450 is a manufacturer specific code that is defined by carmaker Ford as “Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum” or as “Inability of Evaporative Emission Control System to Bleed Fuel Tank” by carmakers Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercedes, Mercury, and Oldsmobile, which amounts to the same thing as the definition used by Ford. On ...Jun 7, 2022 · This 2017 Ford Fusion came in with the complaint that the engine would stall sometimes and it was hard to restart after adding fuel to the gas tank. There wa...FORD: 2013 Escape This article supersedes TSB 13-2-15 to update the Service Procedure and Service Labor Time Standards. ISSUE Some 2013 Escape vehicles equipped with 1.6L Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection (GTDI) engine built on or before 2/13/2013 may exhibit a service engine soon lamp illuminated with diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P26B7 ...How to Fix. What does this mean? Possible Causes. NOTE: The causes shown may not be a complete list of all potential problems, and it is possible that there …Mar 2, 2023 · Code P1450 is stored by the vehicle’s computer when the PCM senses an additional vacuum within the EVAP system and/or the fuel tank. “Bleeding” refers to the Powertrain Control Module’s incapacity to keep a particular vacuum condition in the EVAP system solely when the motor is operating at speeds over idling RPM.Addressing a P1450 code on a 2013 Ford Fusion w/ 2.0L EcoboostPurge Valve Hose Assembly (including purge valve) part #: DG9Z-9D289-DBe careful when looking f...Learn what code P1450 means and how to diagnose and repair it. This code is related to the evaporative emission system and can be caused by a loose fuel cap, a faulty sensor, or a clogged hose.Changing the Fuel Purge Valve on a 2016 Ford Fusion.Code P1450problem started when car would fill up with fuel then wouldn't turn back on.this easy and cheap...Earlier models had the purge valve located against the fire wall behind the throttle body and it was an easy swap. However, 2013-2016 has the purge valve located beneath the air filter and intake hose. Unfortunately you can't buy just the purge valve. You must buy the entire hose assembly for around $100.2016 ford fusion se ecoboost showing code p1450 control fault evap system the auto supply recomended dorman911-775 purge.valve but I can not find where it goes what do you think trouble night be or pa ...2016 Ford Fusion P1450 code. Hard to start just after fueling, put the accelerate pedal to the floor, or wait about 5 minutes after fill up.Also, there is a hissing sound (air trying to escape from the tank) from the fuel filler flapper door about 5 minutes after cold start. I pull over, turn off engine, open the fuel filler flapper door, let ...P1450 p0456 2013 ford escape, 2013-2014 ford fusion/mkz (hard start/no P1450 ford focus - diy auto repair videos the flat rate mechanic Govdeals: 2012 ford fusion. O.M. 22-08-2015 - Ford Fusion 2.5 16v. Duratec 2011 - YouTube P1450 ford focus code tank vacuum fuel edge engine check tag cause common most repair videosIt includes codes P0420, P1450, P0443, P0452, P0456, P0460 and/or P2196 for the EVAP purge valve. You might get inaccurate fuel gauge readings, inaccurate distance to empty readings, and problems when trying to fill it up or starting it after filling up. The issue can sometimes deform the gas tank and contaminate the EVAP canister with fuel.how fix P1450 engine code 2015 ford fusion ecoboost or the price to get fixed. Mustangman August 12, 2019, 9:45pm 2. Possible causes. Blocked EVAP canister or vent solenoid. Kinked or collasped hose between canister and fuel tank. Faulty Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor. Fuel filler cap stuck closed, preventing vacuum relief.Service Procedure. Visually inspect and push and pull on each of the following EVAP connections to verify a proper connection: Vapor line connections to the vacuum port side and pressure port side of the ejector. Refer to Figure 1 for 3.5L and Figure 2 for 2.7L. Vapor line connection at the port on air intake system (AIS) duct at throttle body ...Addressing a P1450 code on a 2013 Ford Fusion w/ 2.0L EcoboostPurge Valve Hose Assembly (including purge valve) part #: DG9Z-9D289-DBe careful when looking f...The Check Engine Light may illuminate with code P0442, P0456, and/or P1450. These codes are related to the EVAP system. Our technicians tell us that if no EVAP system faults are confirmed, updated software is available for the powertrain control module (PCM) which should correct this concern. 5 people reported this problem.Sep 19, 2022 · The Ford F150 EcoBoost Error Code P1450 is a very common code, but you can test this purge valve on any Ford vehicle the same way .. on Ford Focus, Ford Fusi...DEARBORN, Mich., Oct. 25, 2018 – Ford is issuing a recall for approximately 1.5 million select 2012-18 Ford Focus vehicles equipped with 2.0-liter GDI and 2.0-liter GTDI engines for a malfunctioning canister purge valve.An average sedan is just under 73 inches wide not including side-view mirrors. Side-view mirrors add up to 10 inches to the overall width. For example, a 2015 Ford Fusion measures ...Ford Fusion Code P1450 Unable To Bleed Fuel Tank Vaccum Diy Fix Ford 2010 fusion 4 cyl p1450; Web blocked evap canister or vent solenoid kinked or collapsed hose between canister and fuel tank faulty fuel tank pressure (ftp) sensor fuel filler cap stuck closed, preventing.Equip cars, trucks & SUVs with 2011 Ford Fusion Canister Purge Valve from AutoZone. Get Yours Today! We have the best products at the right price. skip to main content. 20% off orders over $100* + Free Ground Shipping** Eligible Ship-To-Home Items Only. Use Code: AZMAY. Menu. 20% off orders over $100* + Free Ground Shipping** ...Trouble code P1450. ... a problem has brought me here. last week the check engine light came on as I was on my way to work in my 2015 Fusion SE 1.5L eco boost. I stopped to get gas on my way home that evening and had trouble getting the car to start after I filled up. ... 1971 Ford LTD 2 door convertible 429 4V. C-6 - 1970 Continental Mark III ...The purge valve, also known as the canister purge solenoid, is an essential part of your Ford Fusion’s evaporative emission control system. Its primary function is to regulate the flow of fuel vapors from the charcoal canister to the engine. By controlling the timing and amount of these vapors entering the combustion process, the purge valve ...DTC P1450 - Unable to Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum. Monitors the fuel vapor vacuum and pressure in the fuel tank. The system failure occurs when the EVAP running loss monitor detects excessive fuel tank vacuum with the engine running (but not at idle). Keep in mind that, if problem persists you will need a smoke machine to properly diagnose.Code P1450 Failed Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vaccum, stalls when getting gas. I have a 2013 Ford Fusion Titanium 2.0l and had the P1450 check engine light come on a few weeks ago after the car wouldn’t start after getting gas. Every time I get gas, the car will refuse to start unless I flood the engine by holding the gas pedal when starting , which ...2016 ford fusion se ecoboost showing code p1450 control fault evap system the auto supply recomended dorman911-775 purge.valve but I can not find where it goes what do you think trouble night be or pa …MIL LAMP ON WITH DTCS P144A, P2196, P2198, P1450, P0455, P0456, AND/OR P0457 BUILT ON OR BEFORE 3/4/2011; Publication Date: November 18, 2011. FORD: 2010-2011 Fusion. 2009-2011 EscapeMERCURY: 2010-2011 Milan. ... This is for a 2011 v6 3.0l Ford Fusion with 41300 miles. The purge valve is located on the engine, near the throttle body.In short, when the P1450 code appears it is simply showing that the vehicle is failing to bleed the fuel tank. There are several possible causes for this particular problem. The first Port of Call when trying to diagnose this particular problem is to check the charcoal valve canister that is located under the fuel tank.Understanding the P1450 Ford Escape Code. The P1450 code in a Ford Escape refers to the Evaporative Emission System (EVAP) Control System Pressure Sensor fault. This subheading will explain what the code means and how it affects the vehicle's performance. Definition: The P1450 code is triggered when the EVAP control system detects an abnormal ...Good luck! P2196 is a generic diagnostic trouble code that indicates that your Ford Fusion's first oxygen sensor on bank one is stuck rich. It does not necessarily mean that the vehicle itself is running too rich. This code is the opposite of code P2195, which indicates the oxygen sensor is stuck lean. P2196 Definition: Oxygen Sensor.Problem: P1450 Unable To Bleed Up Fuel Tank Vacuum. Vehicle: 2015 Lincoln MKC 2.0L ecoboost Question: what is standard - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic. ... Hey Mike. I own a 2015 Ford Fusion 2.0 Ecoboost and I have recently had a problem where after I get gas at a gas station, my car will turn over or it will have a long crank. ...P1450 & P0456 avap leak on 2015 and newer ford transit, f150, escape, explorer and other modelsThe P1450 code means that the powertrain control module cannot bleed vacuum from the tank in the evaporative emissions system. This is often caused by a failed canister purge valve. The P018B codes is caused by an erratic signal from the low-pressure fuel sensor. This can be caused by a failed FLP sensor.Once cleaned you can install this locking cap to keep debri out:http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001H1O688/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&cr.... 2017 Ford Fusion P1450 - YouTube. Check Details. Ford fusionThe code P1450 in a 2013 Ford Fusion can be trigger Trouble code P1450. ... a problem has brought me here. last week the check engine light came on as I was on my way to work in my 2015 Fusion SE 1.5L eco boost. I stopped to get gas on my way home that evening and had trouble getting the car to start after I filled up. ... 1971 Ford LTD 2 door convertible 429 4V. C-6 - 1970 Continental Mark III ... Learn what the P1450 Ford code means, what causes it, and how t Para solucionar el código P1450 en un Ford Fusion, se recomienda seguir los siguientes pasos: Verificar las mangueras y conexiones: Inspeccionar visualmente todas las mangueras y conexiones del sistema de evaporación en busca de posibles fugas o daños. Reemplazar componentes defectuosos: En caso de encontrar fugas o componentes defectuosos ... Possible Causes. NOTE: The causes shown may not be a complete l...
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