Sep 7, 2018 ... 5:54 · Go to channel · 2002 Ford F150 Owners Manual : Correct way to Reset Anti Theft and Key Fob. Dodson Dodsworth•37K views · 4:24 · G...1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - 1999 F150 4.6 Won't Start. Anti-theft light flashing - Hi, I have a 1999 F150 with the 4.6. My dad and I replaced the radiator support and now it won't start. It ran fine before but now it won't start. I've tried a lot of things to get it to start and none of them worked. I tried leaving the...12-03-2012 08:29 PM. 2009 - 2014 F150 - Stuck in anti-theft mode, dead batteries in all remotes - TLDR: my truck is currently flashing all of the dash lights and throwing the code for the antitheft. It is parked at a mechanic who says he cannot help. I have all three original OEM key/fob combo keys, and batteries are dead in all three,...Received 1,956 Likes on 1,168 Posts. THEFT lite is crazy! (DTC U1262) Its been a couple weeks and a bunch of miles since BTS transmission went in. After babying the old, hurt tranny forever, I can see why truck thinks its been STOLEN!!! The THEFT lite stays on (blinking) all the time - sometimes. There was a code, 'theft bus circuit fault ...1999 F150 Antitheft Code 11. Hello: Thanks for any help you may offer. I'm having trouble with a 1999 Ford F150 XLT 4.2L manual transmission and intermittent anti theft. Occasionally, antitheft will blink rapidly - engine will crank all day long, but won't start. I have one original key and two aftermarket keys which all work - except when the ...If voltage is low on one side of a fuse compared to the other, replace the blown fuse. If fuse 75 has no power through the other fuses do, remove the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) power relay and check to verify two of the terminals at the relay show power. Jumper terminal 3 to terminal 5 of the relay holder and look for fuse 75 to power up.Put the key in the ignition and rotate forward two clicks to the “On” position that makes the dashboard light up, but don’t try starting the car. Leave the key there for 15 minutes; it doesn ...Mike E December 31, 2020. The Ford F-150 theft code 16 means that the anti theft system has been triggered, and the car will not start. This system is known for being finicky, however, so it may be possible that it is not being triggered correctly, and that it will not reset with the use of the key fob or the anti theft reset procedure.I HAVE A 2002 f150 wont start because of theft system, cranks over fine ,theft light blinking fast then does a 11 code ... Theft light was blinking fast and no communication with PCM with scan tool. Checked fuses and then it started. ...Location. 31322. I have been trying to clear that theft mode 4 days now. Tried all the posted fixes none worked. I remembered that it happened once before and I put the charger on after disconnecting the battery for an hour and the Expedition started. Even though the battery shows 85% it fix my problem. Dec 6, 2016.If your Mustang suffers from a sporadic, blinking Theft light that prevents the car from starting, this video may help.The PATS transceiver is a small plasti...Posted on Aug 23, 2010. Try turning the key from off to run ( do not start ) and wait 5 seconds, to see if the theft light on the cluster goes out. If it does, check the fuel pump relay and the fuse for the fuel pump, and the fuel inertia switch in the passenger side kick panel. If the light does not go out, as Ren1221 posted, try another key.A slow flash is visible while the engine is off. This is an added theft deterrent and is by design. With the key in the run position (not running) the Light will function three different ways. A "Fast Flash" will alert you of an active fault and "Solid Light" indicates a stored fault. Both faults will disable the starting system.The purpose of the theft light in Ford F150. The theft light in the Ford F150 serves as an indicator for the vehicle’s anti-theft system. It is designed to deter theft and protect the vehicle from unauthorized access. How the theft light indicates issues with the alarm system. If the theft light in your Ford F150 is flashing rapidly, it ...Jan 23, 2023 · 2004 - 2008 Ford F150 - Anti-theft issues no start - 2006 f150 xlt 5.4 230,000 miles. I have been having my security light on dash rapidly flash and truck will not turn over. I wait a few minutes and it works fine. I am using original keys.When the key is to on Position, the theft light flashes rapidly. After five minutes with key in the on position light goes off. After we try to start vehicle again, lights comes back on. 2. When the vehicle is in on position when we turn the a/c on, the vehicle power shuts off. This means the dash board completely.last and final video on Programming Key Fob and sync Anti Theft Device. I found the Owners Manual and it tells you exactly how to program key fob and sync an...Reason: Miss s. if it were me, step 1 would be to check the battery and battery cables. Can't answer your key questions. 2004 - 2008 F150 - 2005 f150 stx no crank security light flashing... - 2005 f150 stx no crank. Security light flashing don't have a second key truck is basic no power windows or locks so no key fob.by Bigtrucks » Sun Aug 02, 2015 7:48 pm. So my 2001 Ford F-150's anti theft system is acting crazy! Sometimes it will let me start it and then sometimes the anti theft light will blink rapidly, the lights inside will blink and there is a clicking noise when I try to start it. I have been disconnecting the battery for a quick fix but it's ...The theft light flashes faster than normal. This happened last time it rained hard. ... which the security light would come on and I would have to leave the key in the run position for 10 minutes until the light stopped flashing then it would start. Your help is greatly appreciated. 2002 F150 supercrew. Top. RkyMtnHi Hardcore Ford Truck Fanatic ...11-24-2002 06:43 AM. 1 / 1. Explorer, Sport Trac, Mountaineer & Aviator - 2002 Explorer theft light on runs fine - 2002 Ford Explorer XLT 4.6v8 automatic 4x4. The theft light is blinking when the vehicle is parked, off. Does it no matter locked or unlocked. Starts and runs fine, no issues. I've tried two different factory keys but nothing seems...2004 - 2008 Ford F150 - Fuse box won't stop clicking, theft light flashing, no Start - Ok well first let me get this out there. I know my way around electrical systems and am not new to doing electrical mods on trucks at all. I have put a remote start on my 2000 f150, added an aux fuse box and much more. I'm on this...My anti theft light is rapidy blinking on my 2003 ford f150. When it does it won't start, but it doesn't do it all the - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. ... 2002 F150: Last week my theft light came on for a short while..sounded. I have a 2002 F150. Last week my theft ...Hope this helped. Maintenance Shop - service engine soon light flashing then goes away - hi i am recently having problems with my 03 f-150 5.4 engine seems to be running rough and is like it is starving for gas,or water in fuel,or fuel filter plugged or is running on 6 or 7 cylinders.those were my first few guess untill service engine...Maintenance Shop - 2004 F150 No Crank, Theft Light Stays On after PCM change - This truck is absolutely killing me....!! I will try to be brief but with as many details as possible. I have a 2004 F150 with 196K miles. Truck sat for 13 months awaiting the budget rebuild the tranny. Happy to report, my first 4R75W total...Ford ranger led light upgrade 2001 ford f150 anti theft light stays on truck runs fine part 2 2002 ford ranger fx4 manual trans-theft light blinking, no crank,... Theft light. Fix Workshop. ... 2002 ford f150 security light flashing Gm engine code reference chart Diy, change the fog lights on ford ranger 2001-2003 – reset service ...1999 to 2016 Super Duty - 2008 Will not crank over.Passive Anti-theft system Problem - I have a 2008 F-350. The Anti-theft light blinks rapidly and the truck will not turn over. Give it some time or take the key out of the ignition and in repeatedly and it will start. Sometimes not till the next day.2002 won't start after attempted theft. I recently left my truck at a public lot and went out of town for a few days. When I returned, Someone had tried to steal it. They jammed a screw driver in the ignition, hit it with a hammer and was able to crank it. It wouldn't start without the chip key. problem is it won't start for me with the chip key.Truck: 2002 f150 Xlt SuperCrew 4x4. Re: Truck dies while driving, THEFT light flashes, sometimes won't restart. ... Try pulling the EGR pressure sensor connector while you have dashes on odometer and theft light is flashing. When I did the truck started. When I plugged in the the connector to EGR pressure sensor truck would die immediately.Nov 18, 2019 · I tried every thing to fix this problem. Replaced: PCM Relay, PCM, Fuel Pump, tighten all ground wires, used 3 different keys etc. When this happens it will not communicate with PCM. Here is what worked for me. Try pulling the EGR pressure sensor connector while you have dashes on odometer and theft light is flashing.This IS an anti theft system problem. An on-line search showed this quick fix: If the theft light is flashing fast and the odometer reads all dashes, switch ignition to "ON" and leave it. After several seconds the theft light will begin flashing in a sequence (mine is 1 flash, then 6 more flashes). The computer is resetting, so leave it alone.Nov 2, 2021 · In today's video we take a look at a 1999 Ford F-150 Pickup truck with a V6 4.2l engine. The customer complaint is that the truck will randomly not start. Th...2002 F-150, intermittent starting problem. No start condition, turn key (both originals) to "on", dashs across odometer, overdrive off light blinks on/off on gear shift lever, theft light blinks on/off. Engine turns over but no start. PATS receiver changed and instrument cluster change, same problem. Let the truck sit and try later and it ...2004 - 2008 Ford F150General discussion on the 2004 - 2008 Ford F150 truck. Anybody else have a vehicle that the theft light is blinking but it will still start? $2000 and 3 months and 4 tows later, i get my truck back from the dealer for the fourth time, and the theft light is blinking again now. It starts and runs just fine though.Step 2: With the key in the combustion, wait for 10 minutes. Step 3: If the anti-theft light is not lighted, switch the key back to “Off,” and remove it. Afterward, replace it with the second programmed key within 5 seconds. Step 4: Remove the second key and turn it on and off. Step 5: Not succeeding more than 10 seconds after inserting the ...1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - No start, dashes on odometer - Hello all, I hope you're able to help. I just wanted to ask you all to make sure I am checking correctly. My 2004 Heritage 4.6l had a completely corroded fuse box. wipers would do what they wanted, AC didnt work, obvious leak when it rained near the drivers kick...1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Cranks, No Start - THEFT Light Flashing - Help with PCM Dead or in Theft Mode - 2003 F150 5.4 - Cranks but doesn't start with the THEFT light flashing (code 12). Here's the story: Originally No Start/No Crank, THEFT light was NOT on. Thanks to all the threads on this board, diagnosed it as a...Mike E December 31, 2020. The Ford F-150 theft code 16 means that the anti theft system has been triggered, and the car will not start. This system is known for being finicky, however, so it may be possible that it is not being triggered correctly, and that it will not reset with the use of the key fob or the anti theft reset procedure.Posted on Aug 23, 2010. Try turning the key from off to run ( do not start ) and wait 5 seconds, to see if the theft light on the cluster goes out. If it does, check the fuel pump relay and the fuse for the fuel pump, and the fuel inertia switch in the passenger side kick panel. If the light does not go out, as Ren1221 posted, try another key.Problem with 2002 Ford F-150 turns but will not start, theft light blinking rapidly while odometer is blank. 1 Answer. Truck seems as if it is not firing when the problem occurs. Starter spins with no ignition. Problem has occurred now 5-6 times each time being more or less lengthy showing no pattern of consistancy....In order for Micron Technology's estimates to rise, flash and DRAM prices need to rise, according to TheStreet's founder and Action Alerts PLUS Portfolio Manager Jim Cramer...tdappleman- the light is blinking not solid. njneer1- The theft light blinks at a steady rate but not rapidly. When the key is in the on position only the battery light illuminates and no others. None of the gauges move either. The wait to start light doesn't come on or any others. And in this state the engine will turn over just not start.Welcome to this professional guide on addressing the issue of a Ford F150 with a blinking Theft light that refuses to start. We understand the frustration an...In today's video we take a look at a 1999 Ford F-150 Pickup truck with a V6 4.2l engine. The customer complaint is that the truck will randomly not start. Th...Check Details Turn signal flashers not working on a 2002 ford explorer sport trac. 1999-2003 ford f-150 theft light decodingFord light f250 warning lights cluster instrument theft 2010 brake system start check diesel powerstroke flashing communication abs intermittent 1997 Ford module explorer theft anti transfer case ranger control system 2002 4x4 pats bypass eddie bauer 1997 rap 1995 ...Sep 19, 2015 · 1994 ford explorer. January 20, 2018. #19. Mine is 94 Explorer, no chip key , just blinking anti-theft light that I've never seen in 4 months since I've owned this vehicle but I haven't jacked up with a tire issue fix tires, now won't start anti-theft light. Join the Elite Explorers for $20 each year.Here is the thread I had started. I was getting traction control, abs, trailer brake fault warning lights on the dash because mine was a short in the brake control module. My theft light was also flashing. It took ford 2-3 weeks to get my truck back. Hopefully yours is something easy. Let me know if I can help with anything.6.4L Power Stroke Diesel - No start no crank security light on. SOLVED! - After 15 min my son-in-law mastered the problem!! Ford to this day has not figured it out. if your trk has a fast flashing security light, no crank. It all programing!! [email protected] light blinking won't start is a common problem with Ford F150 Theft Light Blinking Won't Start. There are a few things that can cause this problem, but the most common cause is a faulty starter relay. The starter relay is responsible for sending power to the starter motor, and if it fails, the engine won't turn over.SOURCE: how do you reset the anti theft system. Try disconnecting your battery cables then wait about 10 minutes. The computer should reset itself. Reconnect the wires to the battery. It is normal for the theft light to blink about every 5 seconds when the ignition key is out or in the off position.1994 ford explorer. January 20, 2018. #19. Mine is 94 Explorer, no chip key , just blinking anti-theft light that I've never seen in 4 months since I've owned this vehicle but I haven't jacked up with a tire issue fix tires, now won't start anti-theft light. Join the Elite Explorers for $20 each year.Roof flashing plays a significant role in house construction. And a home or building with poor roof flashing installation is prone to several problems, Expert Advice On Improving Y...5. Reaction score. 1. Location. 99301. i was sitting in park with the car running a couple weeks ago and my 2000 expedition just shut off i went to crank it up and crank no start and noticed dashes on the odometer and my theft light blinking really fast and i noticed after awhile in would blink once pause and blink 6 more times i change the pcm ...Step 1: Check for the anti-theft light. It's located on your dash and will have a blue or red light. Step 2: Turn the ignition to the "on" position. Insert the key into the ignition and turn it to the on position, which activates your accessories but not the engine. Leave the key in position for about 10 - 15 minutes.I have a 2002 Ford F-150. 2 wheel drive. 4.2L. Manual. Went out and truck didn't start. Theft light was blinking. Turned key to on posistion and all the way back ( lock on steering column have to push with finger to get all the way back ). Did this 8x. On the 8th left it in the on posistion. Reset and truck started right upI have a 1995 ford f150 I bought that had been sitting a couple of years, the battery was dead when I bought it. After I bought it I put a battery in it I noticed that when I open the drivers door the theft light flashes, if I turn the key to on the engine will not turn over and the theft light stays on, if I shift the truck into neutral and turn the key the starter activates but the motor ...Sorry - yes, the anti theft light is flashing. My son has a Edge Programmer on his truck, he had new gears put in the truck yesterday and was trying to reprogram the Edge Programmer to recognize the new gears. During this process the anti theft light started flashing and we can't get his truck to start.I HAVE A 2002 f150 wont start because of theft system, cranks over fine ,theft light blinking fast then does a 11 code ... Theft light was blinking fast and no communication with PCM with scan tool. Checked fuses and then it started. ...2002 F150, sport model, short bed, 4.2L v6, standard, 2x4, manual transmission, 108,500 miles. ... What is your THEFT light doing when the engine both starts and fails to start? ... (can't remember if it was blinking). It stayed on until I stopped the truck. It has not done this again. 3. You mentioned that the CEL does not come on. Be specific.Loyalty fraud is on the rise. Here, we talk to a cybersecurity expert to see what happens to your points and miles after they're stolen. Despite being in the middle of a global pan...On my 2002 ford f150 the theft light blinks fast after you crank it, and the the truck shuts off. - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic ... When the theft light is flashing fast the PATS system is preventing the engine from starting. Without a Ford scan tool you are limited in your diagnosing. You should start by trying another programmed key ...04 f150 5.4 3v, Itermitent wont start. runs perfect then turn off for 20-30 min and wont start, cranks fine trys to hit a few times and theft light is flashing. Wait 1-2 hours and starts with theft li …1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Won’t start after fuel pump replacement, anti theft reset? - So I recently bought a 2002 F-150 with the 4.2l V6 and a manual transmission. I bought it thinking the fuel pump was bad. So naturally I replaced the fuel pump but the truck still won’t start. I could hear the pump come on for a split...I have a 2002 ford explorer and the theft light keeps rapidly blinking F150 ford theft flashing light 2003. Ford explorer 2002 startFord explorer 2002 problem engine won't start. Ford explorer questionsFord module explorer theft anti case transfer ranger control system 2002 4x4 pats 1995 bypass eddie bauer rap 1997 disable.PATS Problem Theft Light 2002 F150 4.2L. by njohnson08 » Tue Jul 18, 2017 2:17 pm. I replaced the fuel filter before realizing this was a PATS problem. I believe mine is most certainly a PATS problem. When I turn the key to the ON position the theft light flashes repeatedly and when I crank it does not ignite.2002 Ford F150 intermittently just doesn't start it revs the engine has power you just won't turn over and the theft light blinks on the dashboard it's some sort of a floor with the Pats system it hap ... My theft light is blinking while I'm trying to Start it. Second time I try it does the same thing.Ford PATS Passive Antitheft System uses a special key with an transponder in the head of the key. Each key is coded. 2000 Ranger XLT 4X4 Off Road, 4.0L, Auto, PW, PM, PL, Tilt, Cruise, A/C, Buckets, Shorty Console, Cab Visor, Expl OHC, 4.10 8.8 L/S, TT, JBA exhaust, & Tow Package.Anti-theft light blinking and truck will not start 2001 F150 pop a lock came out made new key an didn't work--reset code - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic. ... 2002 ford f150 turns over but wont start, anti-theft light blinks quickly, already changed PCM relay ...1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - theft light flashing, truck won't start - Hey there, I have a 2003 F150 crew cab... been running fine, till tonight, my wife got home from the store, then we went to leave again after it sat for about half an hour, and it wouldn't fire up....starter would turn but the motor just wouldn't fire...If it is on file then the car gets fuel, spark, and will crank the starter. If it is not on file then you get a flashing light instead. It is rare that the circuitry goes south in the key or the antenna, but sometimes the antenna can get loose. Beyond that it probably needs to be plugged into a diagnostic machine.This issue has stored a code which a diagnostic tool can retrieve so diag and repairs can be done. Most likely its the transceiver with this information. If the theft light is not flashing rapid in this scenario then it is not the theft system. Please read this: Understand it's not one answer and done.1997 - 2003 F150 - 1999 F150XLt anti-theft light blinking - Our truck is intermittently not starting. The ignition turns but doesn't catch. When it does start the anti-theft light blinks seven times and continues to do so. ... 2002 F-150 quit (anti-theft flashing) HogTied. 1997 - 2003 F150. 8. 07-13-2007 05:46 PM. 1999 Ranger XLT factory anti ...General F150 Discussion - '99 f150 theft light flashing and odometer displays dashes! Cranks but won't start. - I just swapped transmission (automatic), and when I put everything back together n hooked battery back up I tried to crank it and it cranked but would not start. I noticed the odometer displayed dashes and...the anti-theft light blinks rapidly. Now the battery drains quickly. I found that the dash instruments panel remains lightly lit after ignition is off and key is removed or in the off position. A few days earlier while driving the the speedometer guage was going back and forth and then the overdrive light was flashing off and on.Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums. Newer Light Duty Trucks. 1997 - 2003 F150. Digital Odometer - Blinking. 1997 - 2003 F150 1997-2003 F150, 1997-1999 F250LD, 7700 & 2004 F150 Heritage.1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Theft Light Stays On - The flashing Theft light will not stop flashing when I lock the Truck. I've tried scanning, nothing. Dis-connecting the Battery for days, no change. Different keys, same issue. The manual basically says to take it to the Dealer. It starts and runs fine. Any thoughts other...5. Reaction score. 1. Location. 99301. i was sitting in park with the car running a couple weeks ago and my 2000 expedition just shut off i went to crank it up and crank no start and noticed dashes on the odometer and my theft light blinking really fast and i noticed after awhile in would blink once pause and blink 6 more times i change the pcm ...02-26-2007 11:24 PM. /. 1997 - 2003 F150 - 2001 F-150 won't start (anti theft related) - My 2001 f150 is not starting up. The anti theft light flashes and then eventually slows down and flashes one time, pauses and then flashes two more times. The odometer still shows my mileage as I know some people with this issue just get dashes.Turn your ingnition on, the theft light should be flashing, after a few minutes the theft should go out, leave the ignition on for about 15 minutes, turn …Turn the ignition to the off position and remove the second coded key from the ignition. After three seconds and before 20 seconds, insert the new uncoded key into the ignition. Turn the ignition to the on position and keep it on for at least 6 seconds. Remove the newly coded key from the ignition.Alex S. December 22, 2020. Theft code 13 on a Ford F-150 means that You are using the wrong key to try to start the truck. The key in Your truck has a transponder in it and this communicates with the receiver in the truck to disarm the alarm system. If this does not match up it will give You a code. Usually a Code 13 happens the most in a ...2008 Will not crank over. Anti-theft system Problem. I have a 2008 F-350. The Anti-theft light blinks rapidly and the truck will not turn over. Give it some time or take the key out and in repeatedly and it will start. Sometimes not till the next day. I have replaced the transceiver & key.2004 f150 5.4L 4x4. The anti theft light comes on while driving mainly when letting off gas pedal and truck has - Answered by a verified Ford Mechanic ... 2002 F150: wont start..wo..time starts and works fine for days ... i have a 2001 ford f150 5.4l. my theft light is flashing and my car is running but when giving gas it hesitates and sounds ...Ford Truck Enthusiasts Forums. Newer Light Duty Trucks. 1997 - 2003 F150. Digital Odometer - Blinking. 1997 - 2003 F150 1997-2003 F150, 1997-1999 F250LD, 7700 & 2004 F150 Heritage.This is a quick fix to prevent Theft light flashing and causing a no start condition. When it’s cold it still happens so the next video on the subject I hope...Theft light flashing fast- truck (2002 f150) will not start. Mechanic's Assistant: Have you checked the fuses? Have you tried to reset the computer? Wi. Mechanic's Assistant: What is the model of your '02 Ford?12-03-2012 08:29 PM. 2009 - 2014 F150 - Stuck in anti-theft mode, dead batteries in all remotes - TLDR: my truck is currently flashing all of the dash lights and throwing the code for the antitheft. It is parked at a mechanic who says he cannot help. I have all three original OEM key/fob combo keys, and batteries are dead in all three,...The Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) is a security feature implemented by Ford in their vehicles. ... Flashing PATS Fault Codes. ... (such as the Check Engine Light or an LED on the instrument cluster). Each digit in a flashed fault code represents a specific fault, and the total number of flashes indicates the number of faults. For example, a ...Oct 12, 2020 · Hello, I have a 2002 f150 with a security issues, theft light flashing no start, I only have 1 key and had a locksmith make a key and he couldn't get it to work. It currently has a b2103, b1213,b1600,b1681 my scanner is currently showing zero keys being programmed . Thak you!. Most Helpful Answer. mayer @mayer. Rep: 685.5k. MacHale Enterprises.Yes. You can bypass the Ford Anti-Theft System Apr 20, 2022 · 1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Attempted theft No start - I was on here about a month ago and got great advice someone tried to steal my 2002 f-150 4.2.. Wouldn't start theft light flickering. I was told to get a used transceiver which I did and a ignition switch with two programmable keys. Here is my problem.Nov 14, 2020 · 1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Theft Light Stays On - The flashing Theft light will not stop flashing when I lock the Truck. I've tried scanning, nothing. Dis-connecting the Battery for days, no change. Different keys, same issue. The manual basically says to take it to the Dealer. It starts and runs fine. Any thoughts other... You can create text within Adobe Flash by 1995 F-150 Ignition/Alarm Problem - Ford Truck Enthusiasts Aug 27, 2018 More results from www.ford-trucks.com It's easier than you might think. In most cases, the anti-theft system on a Ford F-150 can be reset by turning the vehicle to "accessory" mode and leaving the key in the ignition for several minutes until the anti-theft light shuts off.1997 - 2003 Ford F150 - Died while driving, now "Theft" light blinks - Was driving along, suddenly engine shuts off. Had it towed home, now contemplating where to start. When key is inserted, display on odomenter is dashed lines, no numbers. Theft indicator is flashing. Will turn over, but not fire. 2002 Ford Explorer won't start, engine turns-over with...
Continue Reading